Mood Disorders

Mood disorders encompass a range of conditions characterized by disturbances in mood, including depression, bipolar disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. Symptoms may include persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, irritability, or extreme mood swings. Genetic, biological, and environmental factors can contribute to their development. Treatment often involves a combination of therapy and medication to stabilize mood, manage symptoms, and improve overall functioning, with ongoing support playing a crucial role in long-term management and recovery.

Key Types of Mood Disorders

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

This disorder is marked by prolonged periods of sadness or a lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities, along with other symptoms like changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, and difficulty concentrating.

Bipolar Disorder

Previously known as manic depression, bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavior, and the ability to think clearly.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

A chronic form of depression where the individual experiences a depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least two years. The symptoms are not as severe as major depression but can persist for an extended period.

Cyclothymic Disorder

A disorder that causes emotional ups and downs, but they are less extreme than those in bipolar disorder. People with cyclothymia experience periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as periods of depressive symptoms for at least two years (one year in children and adolescents).

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A type of depression that’s related to changes in seasons; SAD begins and ends at about the exact times every year, typically worsening in the fall and winter when there is less natural sunlight.

Postpartum Depression

A type of mood disorder associated with childbirth, which can include major depressive episodes in the weeks and months after delivery.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

A severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) characterized by significant mood swings, irritability, and depression symptoms.